sql - IN vs ANY operator in PostgreSQL -

what difference between in , any operator in postgresql?
working mechanism of both seems same. can explain example?

there 2 variants of in , 2 variants of any construct. details:

• how use instead of in in clause rails?

the in () variant taking set equivalent = any() taking set, demonstrated here:

• postgresql - in vs any

but second variant of each not equivalent other. second variant of any construct takes array (must actual array type), while second variant of in takes comma-separated list of values. leads different restrictions in passing values , can lead different query plans in special cases:

• index not used =any() used in
• pass multiple sets or arrays of values function

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the any construct far more versatile, can combined various operators, not =. example like:

select 'foo' any('{foo,bar,%oo%}'); 

for big number of values, providing set scales better each:

• optimizing postgres query large in

related:

• can postgresql index array columns?